Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the primary absorbent material. It is highly absorbent and helps in retaining fluid within the pad.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid. It is often mixed with wood pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabric is soft, breathable, and allows for quick liquid penetration.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated film as the top sheet, which is designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This material is waterproof and provides a barrier to prevent menstrual fluid from leaking through the pad.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to pass through while still preventing leakage.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad securely in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: This type of adhesive is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied, such as when the pad is pressed onto underwear.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to cover the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for the core materials to effectively manage menstrual flow.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help reduce moisture buildup and prevent discomfort.
– **Leakage Prevention**: The back sheet must be impermeable to prevent leaks.
– **Adhesion Strength**: The adhesive must be strong enough to keep the pad in place but gentle on the skin.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and appreciate the technology behind these essential hygiene products.